A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

Which of the following best defines soft determinism?

1. The belief that our behavior is entirely based on genetics

2. The belief that mental events are caused by unconscious sources only

3. The belief that our behavior is determined but can be influenced by free-will

4. The belief that behavior cannot be predicted at all

The correct answer is: The belief that our behavior is determined but can be influenced by free-will

Soft determinism is best defined as the belief that while our behavior is influenced by various factors, including environmental and biological determinants, we still possess a degree of free will that allows us to make choices within those constraints. This perspective acknowledges that our decisions and actions may be shaped by prior causes such as genetics and experiences, but it also emphasizes that individuals can exercise some level of control over their behaviors. This concept is important in psychology as it provides a middle ground between strict determinism, which posits that all behavior is pre-determined and unchangeable, and pure free will, where individuals are completely unconstrained in their choices. Soft determinism suggests that understanding human behavior requires considering both the influences and the choices individuals make in response to those influences. In contrast, the other options illustrate more restrictive views. For instance, believing that behavior is entirely based on genetics negates the influence of environment and personal choice. The perspective that mental events are caused by unconscious sources only overlooks conscious decision-making processes that can also influence behavior. Lastly, the idea that behavior cannot be predicted at all disregards the evidence and patterns observed in psychological research, which can identify probable behaviors based on various influencing factors.