A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

What theory did Spearman propose related to intelligence?

1. Multiple intelligences theory

2. Emotional intelligence theory

3. Single general factor for mental ability

4. Developmental intelligence theory

The correct answer is: Single general factor for mental ability

Spearman proposed a theory suggesting that intelligence can be understood as a single general factor, often referred to as 'g' or general intelligence. This concept posits that individuals possess a common cognitive ability that influences performance across various intellectual tasks. Spearman conducted factor analysis on different cognitive tests and found that scores across these tests were positively correlated, which indicated that a single underlying ability (the general factor) affected overall performance. His theory emphasizes that while individuals may have specific skills or talents in certain areas, these abilities are often interconnected through this general intelligence factor. This is in contrast to theories such as multiple intelligences or emotional intelligence, which argue for distinct types and dimensions of intelligence that operate independently of one another. Developmental intelligence theory, on the other hand, explores how intelligence changes over the lifespan rather than positing a singular factor that underlies all cognitive abilities. Spearman's approach laid foundational ideas that later influenced psychological testing and our understanding of cognitive abilities in educational and social contexts.