A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

What type of sampling method is described as "snowball sampling"?

1. A method that involves random selection from a population

2. A technique where existing participants recruit future participants

3. A strategy that uses a fixed sample size throughout the process

4. A sampling method that exclusively seeks volunteers

The correct answer is: A technique where existing participants recruit future participants

Snowball sampling is characterized as a technique where existing participants recruit future participants. This method is particularly useful for researching populations that are difficult to access or identify, such as individuals from specific subcultures or marginalized groups. In this approach, a small number of initial subjects are selected and then asked to refer other participants they know. As these referrals accumulate, the sample size grows like a snowball, hence the name. This method allows researchers to tap into complex social networks and collect data from participants who might otherwise be excluded from more traditional sampling methods. The dynamic nature of this recruitment process is what sets snowball sampling apart from other methods, such as random selection or fixed sample sizes, which follow a more structured approach to gathering participants. Ultimately, snowball sampling is particularly effective in exploratory research where understanding social interactions and connections within a community is critical.